« I
am the end of Judaism »i.
Jacques
Derrida wrote this sentence in his 1981 Notebooks.
The context? Starting from a question asked by Saint Augustine: « Quid ergo amo, cum Deum meum amo? », Derrida adapted it in his own way: « What do I love, who do I love, whom do I love above all? I am the end of Judaism. »ii
« What
God do I love? « asks Derrida, fifteen centuries after Augustine.
Answer:
He loves a « unique » God, – unique as birth, unique as
death, unique as circumcision (because it only happens once).
What
does Derrida like most of all? Answer: Judaism.
Who
does he love above all? His mother, who is dying, and who no longer
recognizes him.
His
mother represents « the end of a Judaism, » adds
Derrida (« la fin d’un judaïsme »).
As
for him, he says he is « the end of Judaism » (« la fin
du judaïsme »), of that Judaism that his mother embodied, to
which his mother gave her face, and which he will not transmit.
The
maternal face has now disappeared, although indelible.
« It’s
over. »
His
own face, disfigured by a viral facial paralysis, affects him, and
opens up an unpredictable future for him.
Derrida
claims that he is the end of this Judaism, that of his mother.
But why does he generalize by saying: « I am the end of Judaism« ?
What
allows him to make this assertion, this prophecy? His name Elijah?
After
the end of this Judaism, Jacques Derrida wanted to found
another one. He says that he will start a new Judaism, a « Judaism
out of religion, inherited from his people but detached from them »iii.
He
wants to found another religion, and even, through his philosophy,
« to rebuild all religions »iv.
Colossal
project, amazing idea. Questions quickly come to mind. Is there any
analogy between Derrida’s new religion and Christianity?
Hadn’t
Christianity already been a kind of first ‘exit’ from Judaism, and
perhaps was it not even a project to « re-found » religion?
No
and no. Derrida is categorical: « Christianity has abandoned the
letter and circumcision ».
Is
it worth starting a dispute? In Christian services, the letter is
read. The Bible is a reference. The letter is there, literally. As
for circumcision, it has not really been abandoned, either. Of
course, it is not the foreskin (« orla », עָרְלָה),
but rather the heart, eyes and ears that are recommended to be
circumcised.
Derrida
says he is faithful to the letter and circumcision. But since he
wants to found another religion, which would be an « other
Judaism » after the « end of Judaism », how will he go
about innovating?
Let’s
consult his program.
He
says we must « re-found religions by playing with them, reinvent
circumcision, re-circumcise what is uncircumcising, thwart the
re-appropriation of languages by a God-Unity »v.
These
formulas call for some comments.
« Re-founding
religions by playing with them ».
The
metaphor of « play » is curious, even surprising, in this
charged context. « Playing » with religion is a dangerous
game. Nowadays, a mortal one.
Moreover,
where there is only one game, how can we judge what is at stake? What
can be based on a game? When a foundation stone « plays »,
the temple trembles, religion falters.
« Reinventing
circumcision. »
In
what way is this idea new compared to what the Judeo-Christian Paul
already said about circumcision, not of the foreskin, but of the
heart?
What
more can we invent to circumcise after the sex, the soul, the heart,
the eyes, the ears? The fruits of the trees? Atoms? The stars? DNA?
Eschatology? Or Judaism itself?
« Re-circumcise
what is being uncircumcised. »
Derrida
says that circumcision is a unique act, a founding event. How would
flesh foreskins « uncircumcise »? Or would « uncircumcision »
be only a metaphor, applying not to the flesh but to the spirit? But
then isn’t this just Paul of Tarsus’ proposal?
« To
defeat the re-appropriation of languages by a One God ».
Again
a metaphor of a game. It is no longer a question of playing, however,
but of « thwarting God ». Babel’s confusion had indicated a
lead. The God « One » had then shown himself hostile to the
idea of a « one » language among men.
Why
would God – who once allowed the confusion of languages – have
« re-appropriated » languages and unified them in the
process?
What
does Derrida want to thwart in God? Words, language? He plays them,
he plays with them, he thwarts them. He is a poet of the word who
opens, and who provokes.
« I
am the last of the Jews. »vi
Here
is Pierre Delain’s comment on the Derridex website: « This
sentence, « I am the last of the Jews », Jacques Derrida
signs it, and at the same time he mocks it (UTD
p101). It must be put in quotation marks. It is the ironic
sentence of the one who listens to himself speak, a stereotype, an
outrageous statement. By quoting and reciting it, he staged the
mockery, he laughed and cried too. From a certain angle where writing
is put in abyss, it can be taken seriously. »
The
philosopher Derrida wants to have the last word. This is his last
card in the big game. The last one was a stunt. « Religious is a
fighting sport (especially not for journalists!) ».vii
He
is the last thinker, the thinker of eschatology.viii
« The
most advanced is the one that keeps the future open. « Always
open, even at the last minute…
« I am the last » means, really: « I am the one who opens, again, always. »
ihttp://www.idixa.net/Pixa/pagixa-0506201121.html
iihttp://www.idixa.net/Pixa/pagixa-0506201121.html
iiihttp://www.idixa.net/Pixa/pagixa-0505131252.html
iv
Cf. Circonfession,
p.206
vhttp://ww.idixa.net/Pixa/pagixa-0710201132.html
vihttp://www.idixa.net/Pixa/pagixa-0506190802.html
« Cette formulation de Jacques Derrida, « Je suis le
dernier des Juifs » [avec une majuscule],
est reprise des carnets
de 1976, non publiés mais cités dans Circonfession
(1990). En septembre 1991, elle est rappelée dans une interview
donnée à Elisabeth Weber,
et enfin reprise le 3 décembre 2000 à l’occasion du colloque
Judéités,
qui s’est tenu au Centre communautaire de Paris. Elle est donc
constamment réaffirmée sur plusieurs décennies. (…) dernier des
Juifs, c’est aussi celui qui habite ce
qui reste du judaïsme.
Le dernier
des eschatologistes
maintient l’avenir ouvert. S’il annonce la fin
du judaïsme,
c’est pour en fonder un autre, qui ne serait plus le même. Tout se
passe « comme si » le
moins pouvait le plus
(il insiste sur le « comme si ») : moins tu te montreras
juif, plus tu le seras (c’est la formule du marrane).
Le dernier des juifs peut être le pire des juifs, mais aussi celui
qui garantit
la série. Exclu-inclu, dehors-dedans, il n’appartient pas de fait à
la culture juive, il est au bord de la série et la débordant. »
viihttps://diacritik.com/2016/03/25/jacques-derrida-le-religieux-est-un-sport-de-combat-surtout-pas-de-journalistes/
viiihttp://www.idixa.net/Pixa/pagixa-0506190808.html
« Il n’est pas seulement le dernier des eschatologistes, il
est aussi le plus avancé (p91) : « ils n’ont m’ont jamais
pardonné d’être l’eschatologiste le plus avancé, la dernière
avant-garde qui compte ». Le plus avancé, c’est celui qui
maintient l’avenir ouvert,
sans horizon. »
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